Not only the number of people living in a house affects the quality of life, but also the quality of the housing, such as the ability to keep the dwelling warm, the lack of indoor toilets, showers, and baths, and a leaking roof, damp walls, floors or foundation, or rot in window frames or floors.

In the EU, in 2022, 9.3% of the population did not have the ability to keep their homes adequately warm. The highest percentages were observed in Bulgaria (22.5%), Cyprus (19.2%), and Greece (18.7%), while the lowest were in Finland (1.4%), Luxembourg (2.1%), and Slovenia (2.6%).

On average, in 2020, in the EU, 1.5% of the population had no indoor toilet, no shower, and no bathroom in their household. This was most common in Romania (21.2% of the population), followed by Bulgaria and Latvia (both 7.0%), as well as Lithuania (6.4%).

Regarding roof leaks, damp walls, floors or foundation, or rotting window frames or floors, 14.8% of the EU population had such an issue in 2020. The highest shares were observed in Cyprus (39.1%), Portugal (25.2%), and Slovenia (20.8%).

On the other hand, greenhouse gas emissions from households for heating and cooling varied from 26 kg per capita in Sweden to 1,636 kg in Luxembourg.

Some of the greenhouse gas emissions come from households burning fossil fuels for heating homes, preparing hot water, cooking, and air conditioning. This accounted for 733 kg per capita in the EU in 2021, down from 914 kg in 2010. In 2021, the highest values were observed in Luxembourg (1,636 kg per capita), Ireland (1,347), and Belgium (1,400).

On the other hand, the lowest value was found in Sweden (26), followed by Portugal (150), and Malta (168).