Since 2021, all new buildings in Romania are required to comply with the NZEB (Nearly Zero Energy Building) standard, in accordance with the European Directive 2010/31/EU. Although the legislation is in force, practical implementation remains challenging. According to data from the Ministry of Regional Development and Public Administration (MDRAP), only 22% of residential buildings completed in 2024 fully meet NZEB requirements.

NZEB buildings are characterized by near-zero energy consumption, supplied largely from renewable sources. In practice, compliance with the standard requires the use of advanced technical solutions such as high-performance thermal insulation, triple-glazed windows, heat recovery ventilation systems, and photovoltaic panels. The additional costs are estimated at 10–15% compared to conventional buildings.

Real estate developers cite the lack of fiscal incentives, bureaucratic procedures for obtaining permits, and the absence of clear technical guidelines as major obstacles. At the same time, energy certification is not yet aligned with on-site realities, and the shortage of qualified personnel further limits large-scale implementation.

For 2025, a slight increase in the number of NZEB projects is expected, supported by European funds and growing demand for energy efficiency. However, achieving the 100% NZEB target in the residential sector remains a major challenge.

(Photo: Freepik)